David reiss linkedin jpmc
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These subsystems are posited to be interconnected and permeable. Within this framework, the family environment is a complex, hierarchically organized system that encompasses many subsystems, such as dyadic and triadic family relationships. The present study examined the degree to which genetic and environmental effects on global family conflict are accounted for by parents’ aggressive personality, marital quality, and negative parenting.įamily systems theory is often used to understand how conflict arises in the home environment ( Cox & Paley, 1997). However, previous studies have not identified sources of genetic and environmental influences on global family conflict. A more recent investigation revealed genetic contributions to the extent of agreement between twin, spouse, and child reports on the FES, suggesting the role rGE in shaping family conflict ( Horwitz et al., 2010). Because genetic information comes from the twins, genetic influences on other family members’ reports on family conflict can be described as evidence of rGE. One strategy to avoid the problem of single informant bias and to index a more general construct of the family environment (global family conflict) is to use a multi-rater assessment of FES ( Deal, 1995). Genotype-environment correlation is a process through which a person’s heritable characteristics influence the environments he/she inhabits or creates for himself/herself (e.g., Scarr & McCartney, 1983). It may reflect single informant bias or twins’ heritable characteristics influencing actual family conflict, as in genotype-environment correlation ( rGE). These previous studies have used ratings by the twins, not other family members thus, the meaning of the genetic variance is unclear. Several twin studies have documented both genetic and environmental influences on reports on the FES (e.g., Kendler & Baker, 2007). Family conflict, as indexed by the Family Environmental Scale (FES), refers to openly expressed anger, hostility, and aggression in the home ( Moos & Moos, 1981).